-
王志為主任醫(yī)師 北京朝陽醫(yī)院 骨科 沒有更好,只有更適合。選擇單髁置換(UKA)還是全膝置換(TKA)取決于您的病情、年齡、活動水平及膝關節(jié)受損程度。以下是兩者的主要區(qū)別和選擇依據(jù):單髁置換(UKA)適用情況:僅膝關節(jié)內(nèi)側(cè)或外側(cè)單側(cè)間室受損。前交叉韌帶功能正常?;颊咻^年輕,活動量較大。優(yōu)點:保留更多骨量。手術創(chuàng)傷小,恢復快。術后膝關節(jié)功能更接近自然狀態(tài)。缺點:若其他間室后期出現(xiàn)病變,可能需要再次手術。技術要求較高。全膝關節(jié)置換(TKA)適用情況:多個間室受損或全膝關節(jié)退變。嚴重膝關節(jié)畸形。交叉韌帶功能不全?;颊吣挲g較大,活動量較小。優(yōu)點:適用于廣泛膝關節(jié)病變。長期效果穩(wěn)定,翻修率低。缺點:創(chuàng)傷較大,恢復較慢。切除骨量較多。選擇依據(jù)病變范圍:單側(cè)間室病變選UKA,多間室病變選TKA。年齡與活動水平:年輕、活動量大者傾向UKA,老年、活動量小者傾向TKA。膝關節(jié)穩(wěn)定性:前交叉韌帶功能正常選UKA,功能不全選TKA?;纬潭龋夯屋p選UKA,畸形重選TKA。02月02日
74
0
0
-
王志為主任醫(yī)師 北京朝陽醫(yī)院 骨科 術前:1、應保持膝關節(jié)局部皮膚清潔、無皮膚破損,但無需自己買消毒劑消毒。2、如有齲齒、牙周炎、肺炎、尿路感染、身體其他部位的癤腫、足癬等,需向主治醫(yī)生說明情況。3、手術前3個月內(nèi)膝關節(jié)不能接受關節(jié)注射、針灸、小針刀等有創(chuàng)性治療。4、術前向主治醫(yī)生報告其他手術情況,尤其是半年內(nèi)的心腦血管介入手術,并如實告知用藥情況。術中:1、麻醉師根據(jù)患者實際情況選擇全麻還是半麻(椎管內(nèi)麻醉)。2、手術時間:45分鐘-1小時10分鐘。3、一般無需備血和輸血,也不留置導尿管,使用一次性紙尿褲、保護患者隱私。4、手術切口15cm左右,肥胖患者切口會稍長,單髁置換傷口約全膝一半。切口美容閉合,沒有縫針孔瘢痕。術后:1、因為疼痛管理的進步,術后2-3天內(nèi),多數(shù)患者無需口服止痛藥。2、術后當日開始指導主動功能鍛煉。醫(yī)生不幫患者彎腿,患者無恐懼感。3、術后第1天助步器保護下下地活動,自主如廁。4、一般術后3-5天,達到出院標準(膝關節(jié)屈伸活動和行走距離符合要求)。5、術后門診復查時間:1個月、3個月、6個月和1年。6、術后可以坐飛機、可以拍磁共振、傷口愈合后也可以泡溫泉。02月01日
59
0
0
-
02月01日
55
0
0
-
王志為主任醫(yī)師 北京朝陽醫(yī)院 骨科 常見的需要膝關節(jié)置換的疾病包括骨關節(jié)炎、類風濕性關節(jié)炎、創(chuàng)傷后關節(jié)炎、強直性脊柱炎、晶體性關節(jié)炎等等。但并不是所有患者都適合接受膝關節(jié)置換手術的。醫(yī)生在門診通常經(jīng)過詳細的問詢、查體,再結(jié)合X線片等資料進行綜合分析后再做決定。通常來講,如果存在下列情況,那么膝關節(jié)置換一般能獲得較好效果:1、膝關節(jié)的疼痛影響到您的日常生活,平路500米內(nèi)(大約公交車一站地)膝關節(jié)就會出現(xiàn)疼痛或跛行。2、膝關節(jié)僵硬,逐漸不能完全彎曲或伸直,或者逐漸加重的內(nèi)外翻畸形(O型腿或X型腿)。3、對止痛藥物副作用不能耐受,其他諸如關節(jié)腔注射、理療或其他非手術治療無效。4、X線片顯示關節(jié)間隙明顯狹窄(提示軟骨磨損),并且病變部位與疼痛部位一致。02月01日
41
0
0
-
陳金偉副主任醫(yī)師 上海市第一人民醫(yī)院(北部) 骨科 微創(chuàng)切口單髁膝關節(jié)置換術(UKA)作為膝關節(jié)置換手術的一類特殊形式,越來越多的被應用在膝關節(jié)退行性變的晚期功能重建。UKA具有創(chuàng)傷小、并發(fā)癥少,術后關節(jié)功能恢復快等優(yōu)點,同時通過保留交叉韌帶,不改變關節(jié)的穩(wěn)定性,保留了患者的本體感覺。因此,患者術后膝關節(jié)運動很接近正常膝關節(jié)運動學。此點區(qū)別于切除了交叉韌帶的全膝關節(jié)置換,是一種保膝手術,因此患者術后恢復要比傳統(tǒng)的膝關節(jié)置換手術快得多。在臨床工作中發(fā)現(xiàn)很多患者在做完UKA手術后疼痛緩解的很快,下地走路也很好,但不太敢進行進一步的功能鍛煉。因此在本文中,我將闡述單髁手術后患者進行功能鍛煉的方法。術后當天:術后當天患者從麻醉反應中逐漸恢復,此時膝關節(jié)已經(jīng)可以進行自主的輕度的屈伸活動,此時我們并不要求馬上下地,而是以舒適的姿勢進行少量的屈伸活動,同時建議患者將患側(cè)的膝關節(jié)輕度抬高,適度彎曲以減輕腫脹。此時由于有術中鎮(zhèn)痛藥物的應用,多數(shù)患者不會感覺疼痛,所以可以正常進流質(zhì)飲食,飲水并在家人攙扶下下地去洗手間等活動,均不受影響。切勿保持一個固定姿勢而不敢活動,這樣會造成膝關節(jié)僵硬不適。術后第1天:第一天早晨在早餐后,醫(yī)生會打開手術敷貼對創(chuàng)口進行換藥處置,同時會繼續(xù)使用繃帶將膝關節(jié)進行適當加壓包扎以減少滲出。在第一天上午建議患者使用助行器進行適當行走,時間為10-20分鐘為宜,此時并不需要膝關節(jié)過度彎曲,坐在床邊將膝關節(jié)自然下垂即可,此時我們依然以最舒適的姿勢活動,切勿行走過多而導致腫脹。術后第2-4天:此時患者膝關節(jié)的活動量可以適當加大,包括屈膝已經(jīng)可以很輕松的達到90度,下地行走的穩(wěn)定感更好,創(chuàng)面一般不需要再加壓包扎,如愈合良好,沒有明顯的滲出與腫脹,則已經(jīng)可以出院回家了。此時的功能鍛煉應該逐漸加量,每天可以行走半小時-1小時左右,出院后需要定期換藥,如果有腫脹發(fā)生,是正常的現(xiàn)象,需要每天冰敷2-3次,以及踝泵運動,非常有利于消腫。術后1周:此時多數(shù)患者還有有輕度的疼痛感,主要與局部愈合過程中產(chǎn)生的反應有關,建議口服的鎮(zhèn)痛藥,如西樂葆,安康信等可以每天口服,對鎮(zhèn)痛效果好,同時注重腿部力量練習,如直抬腿,走樓梯等都非常適合。鎮(zhèn)痛藥物的服用根據(jù)不同人的疼痛反應,一般可以持續(xù)到術后1個月左右。術后2周:此時,創(chuàng)面正??梢圆鹁€了,拆線后預示著我們的活動量需要進一步加大,應當達到正?;顒恿康?0%-60%,尤其應當注重股四頭肌力量的練習,每天堅持進行直抬腿運動,每天可以行走半小時以上。術后2周-2個月:在這個階段,患者應當大膽的嘗試下蹲和盤腿等動作。尤其坐便更加不受任何影響,這個期間膝關節(jié)的活動量應當達到正常的70%-80%,尤其要調(diào)整好心態(tài),輕度的疼痛不必過度擔心,正常的加大鍛煉量,只有關節(jié)活動開了,以后才能真正不疼。并且可以嘗試脫離助歩器行走。術后2個月-半年:此時,需要第一次復查我們的膝關節(jié),建議到門診進行X光片的拍攝和肢體功能的檢查。同時我會再次對今后的生活與活動進行一定的專業(yè)指導。最后還要強調(diào),手術后不要忘記補鈣,服用改善骨質(zhì)疏松的藥物與食物。請您記住,好的關節(jié)需要好的骨骼來支撐,這樣才能用的更長久。01月18日
160
0
0
-
熊奡主任醫(yī)師 北京大學深圳醫(yī)院 骨關節(jié)科 在以往啊,做膝關節(jié)手術有時需要切除掉完好的韌帶、半月板,甚至是本體感覺神經(jīng),這樣不僅創(chuàng)傷大,出血多,而且還會讓很多的患者是望而卻步。而隨著醫(yī)學的發(fā)展,一種節(jié)約化的膝關節(jié)手術應運而生。 張女士今年64歲,從前兩年開始,她就感覺到左邊的膝蓋出現(xiàn)不適,開始只是輕微的癥狀,隨著疼痛加重,后面竟然直接影響到日常的行走,就痛,這這就不能走路了,這個腿就是就得扶著東西走,然后啊,就是這里頭不敢走啊,痛啊,就是很多人都知道,膝蓋一旦出現(xiàn)問題,一到天氣潮濕的時候就痛的厲害,眼看著自己的膝蓋變成天氣預報,張女士試過多種辦法,包括貼藥膏,擦藥酒也依然無濟于事。那么張女士的膝蓋到底出現(xiàn)了什么問題?這個患者呢?她的膝關節(jié)的內(nèi)側(cè)瓣,大家可以看到明顯在磁共振上的,磁共振上顯示一個炎性的信號。 啊,股骨髁,脛骨平臺都有明顯的炎癥,半月板也破也破裂了。 仔細看,可以看到他這個關節(jié)軟骨面已經(jīng)磨損了啊,俗話說人老腿先老,特別是對于女性來說,由于經(jīng)常下蹲,上了年紀之后,相較于男性膝蓋就更容易出現(xiàn)問題,張女士想解決膝蓋疼痛的癥狀,就只能通過手術,傳統(tǒng)的人工膝關節(jié)手術呢,是把我們膝關節(jié)里頭的所有的表面都進行打磨,然后2024年10月28日
243
0
2
-
江晨主治醫(yī)師 南通市海門區(qū)人民醫(yī)院 關節(jié)與運動醫(yī)學中心 大多數(shù)人聽到“膝關節(jié)置換”,腦海里浮現(xiàn)出的場景是“把膝關節(jié)鋸掉,換上一個人工的關節(jié)”。其實膝關節(jié)置換,全名叫膝關節(jié)表面置換。在我們膝關節(jié)的表面上有軟骨,隨著年齡增大,磨損增多,慢慢的軟骨就磨掉了。磨掉了以后就會出現(xiàn)膝關節(jié)疼痛,尤其是行走負重和上下樓梯,爬山時疼痛會加重,休息后會好轉(zhuǎn),嚴重的可引起膝關節(jié)內(nèi)外翻,就是“O”型腿和“X”型腿。膝關節(jié)置換就是針對這種軟骨損傷嚴重,影響生活的人群。膝關節(jié)置換術是通過手術切除已經(jīng)磨損破壞的關節(jié)面,使用人工生物材料(膝關節(jié)假體)來置換病變的的膝關節(jié)軟骨,達到消除膝關節(jié)疼痛、矯正膝關節(jié)畸形、恢復下肢力線、重建膝關節(jié)功能的目的。01膝關節(jié)置換術適應癥膝關節(jié)置換術的適應癥主要為終末期膝骨關節(jié)炎、類風濕性關節(jié)炎、創(chuàng)傷性關節(jié)炎、強直性脊柱炎膝關節(jié)受累等。對于早期膝骨關節(jié)炎、類風濕性關節(jié)炎等,可采取減輕體重、佩戴護具、藥物治療、理療、中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療等方法,可有效改善關節(jié)癥狀,并減緩病情進展。然而,當出現(xiàn)關節(jié)間隙變窄或消失、關節(jié)畸形明顯時,則保守治療效果有限。此時,可選擇膝關節(jié)置換手術,重建膝關節(jié)的功能,術后可早期功能鍛煉,改善生活質(zhì)量。02膝關節(jié)置換術的類型單髁關節(jié)置換術:單髁置換術主要針對單側(cè)骨關節(jié)病,單髁置換手術是用人工關節(jié)墊片和軟骨替代磨損的部位,屬于保膝手術,適合單一間室出現(xiàn)磨損的患者,不會損傷前、后交叉韌帶,可保持關節(jié)穩(wěn)定性和本體感覺,相對會比較好,康復周期也會短。全膝關節(jié)置換術:全膝置換手術會破壞整個關節(jié)面,包括韌帶,適合全關節(jié)嚴重退化后需要建立表面置換的患者。03膝關節(jié)置換術操作步驟1、備體位,消毒2、切開暴露關節(jié),軟組織處理3、股骨遠端截骨4、股骨前后髁和斜面截骨(四合一截骨)5、脛骨近端截骨6、假體試模7、截骨面放置骨水泥并安裝假體8、沖洗,逐層縫合,關閉切口——關注我們——2024年08月29日
715
0
0
-
曾紀洲主任醫(yī)師 北京潞河醫(yī)院 骨關節(jié)外科 功能對線、運動對線、力學對線等對線技術的核心理念_MAKO機械臂系統(tǒng)在全膝關節(jié)置換術中具有功能對線的間隙平衡新技術的初步研究(2024)AnewgapbalancingtechniquewithfunctionalalignmentintotalkneearthroplastyusingtheMAKOroboticarmsystem:apreliminarystudy?TsaiHK,BaoZ,WuD,HanJ,JiangQ,XuZ.AnewgapbalancingtechniquewithfunctionalalignmentintotalkneearthroplastyusingtheMAKOroboticarmsystem:apreliminarystudy[J].BMCSurg,2024,24(1):232.?轉(zhuǎn)載文章的原鏈接1:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39143535/轉(zhuǎn)載文章的原鏈接2:https://bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12893-024-02524-x?AbstractBackgroundGaptensionisanimportantfactorinfluencingtheclinicaloutcomesoftotalkneearthroplasty(TKA).Traditionalmechanicalalignment(MA)placesimportanceonneutralalignmentandoftenrequiresadditionalsofttissuereleases,whichmayberelatedtopatientdissatisfaction.Conversely,thefunctionalalignmentrequireslesssofttissuereleasetoachievegapbalance.Conventionalgaptensioninstrumentspresentseveralshortcomingsinpractice.TheaimofthisstudyistointroduceanewgapbalancingtechniquewithFAusingthemodifiedspacer-basedgaptoolandtheMAKOroboticarmsystem.間隙張力是影響全膝關節(jié)置換術(TKA)臨床療效的重要因素。傳統(tǒng)的機械對線(MA)重視中性對線,通常需要額外的軟組織松解,這可能與患者的不滿意有關。相反,功能性對線需要較少的軟組織松解來達到間隙平衡。傳統(tǒng)的間隙張力儀在實際應用中存在一些不足。本研究的目的是引入一種新的間隙平衡技術,該技術使用改進的基于間隔器的間隙工具和MAKO機械臂系統(tǒng)。?MethodsAtotalof22consecutivepatientsunderwentprimaryTKAusingtheMAKOroboticarmsystem.Thegaptensionwasassessedandadjustedwiththemodifiedspacer-basedgaptool改進的基于墊片的間隙工具duringtheoperation.Patientsatisfactionwasevaluatedpost-operativelywitha5-pointLikertscale.Clinicaloutcomesincludinglowerlimbalignment,KneeSocietyScore(KSS)andWesternOntarioandMcMasterUniversitiesArthritisIndex(WOMAC)wererecordedbeforesurgery,3monthsand1yearaftersurgery.?ResultsTherangeofmotion(ROM)wassignificantlyincreased(p?0.001)andnopatientspresentedflexioncontractureafterthesurgery.KSSandWOMACscoreweresignificantlyimprovedat3monthsand1yearfollow-up(p?0.001forall).Duringthesurgery,theadjustedtibialcutshowedmorevarusthanplannedandtheadjustedfemoralcutpresentedmoreexternalrotationthanplanned(p?0.05forboth).Thefinalhip-knee-ankleangle(HKA)wasalsomorevarusthanplanned(p?0.05).術后患者活動范圍(ROM)明顯增加(p<0.001),無屈曲攣縮現(xiàn)象。KSS和WOMAC評分在隨訪3個月和1年時均顯著改善(p<0.001)。術中調(diào)整后的脛骨截骨內(nèi)翻比計劃多,調(diào)整后的股骨截骨外旋比計劃多(p<0.05)。最終髖關節(jié)-膝關節(jié)-踝關節(jié)角(HKA)也較計劃內(nèi)翻(p<0.05)。?ConclusionsThiskindofspacer-basedgapbalancingtechniqueaccompaniedwiththeMAKOroboticarmsystemcouldpromisecontrolledlowerlimbalignmentandimprovedfunctionaloutcomesafterTKA.這種基于墊片的間隙平衡技術與MAKO機械臂系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合,可以控制下肢對齊并改善TKA后的功能結(jié)果。?BackgroundsTraditionalmechanicalalignment(MA)intotalkneearthroplasty(TKA)aimstoachieveaneutralalignmentbyadjustingtheboneresectionperpendiculartofemoralandtibialmechanicalaxes[1].Thistechnologypresentsconvincingimplantsurvivorship,butthepatientsatisfactionrateremainsrelativelylow,whichmaybecontributedtotheadditionalsofttissuereleasewhenadjustingthegapbalance[2,3].Toachievegapbalancing,theconceptofalignmentinTKAiscontinuouslyevolving.Howelletal.proposedthekinematicalignment(KA)technique,whichaimstoperformsymmetricanatomicresectionontibiaandfemurtoreplicatetheindividual’snativelimbalignmentandjointlineofpre-arthriticstatus[4].KAfeaturespreserveindividualanatomicalstructureandpotentiallyimproveclinicaloutcomes,althoughaconcernwithKAisthatunrestrictedalignmentmayincreasetheriskofasepticloosening.Functionalalignment(FA)isanothernewtechniquethatreferstotheapproachofpositioningcomponentsinamannerthatminimallyimpactsthesoft-tissueenvelopeoftheknee,therebyrestoringtheplaneandobliquityofthejointasdictatedbythesofttissue[5].FAachievesbalancedextension-flexiongapsandsofttissuetensionbyadjustingboneresections,fine-tuningcomponentpositioning,andlesssofttissuereleasewithroboticarmsystem[6,7].Uptonow,severalroboticarmsystemshaveemerged,whichelevatetheprecisionofboneresectionandareoutstandinginevaluatingthegapsizeinrealtimeduringtheoperation[8,9,10,11,12].Althoughcurrentstudieshavenotyetshownthatroboticsystemscanobtainbettermediumtolong-termfunctionaloutcomes[13,14].全膝關節(jié)置換術(TKA)中傳統(tǒng)的機械對線(MA)是通過調(diào)整垂直于股骨和脛骨機械軸的骨切面來實現(xiàn)中性對線[1]。該技術具有令人信服的假體生存率,但患者滿意率仍然相對較低,這可能與調(diào)節(jié)間隙平衡時額外的軟組織釋放有關[2,3]。為了實現(xiàn)間隙平衡,TKA中的對線概念不斷發(fā)展。Howell等人提出了運動學對線(kinematicalignment,KA)技術,該技術旨在對脛骨和股骨進行對稱解剖切除,以復制個體在患關節(jié)炎前的肢體對線和關節(jié)線狀態(tài)[4]。KA的特征保留了個體解剖結(jié)構(gòu),并可能改善臨床結(jié)果,盡管KA的一個問題是無限制的對線可能增加無菌性松動的風險。功能對線(FA)是另一種新技術,指的是以最小程度影響膝關節(jié)軟組織封套的方式定位組件,從而恢復軟組織所決定的關節(jié)平面和傾斜度[5]。FA通過調(diào)整骨切除、微調(diào)組件定位、采用機械臂系統(tǒng)減少軟組織松解來平衡伸屈間隙和軟組織張力[6,7]。到目前為止,已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了幾種機械臂系統(tǒng),提高了骨切除的精度,并且在術中實時評估間隙大小方面表現(xiàn)突出[8,9,10,11,12]。盡管目前的研究尚未表明機器人系統(tǒng)可以獲得更好的中長期功能結(jié)果[13,14]。Gapbalancingtechnique間隙平衡技術aimstoobtainequalandbalancedgapsbyadjustingsofttissuetension.TheMakoroboticarmsystemprovidestwokindsofdevicesfortheligamenttensionevaluation.Oneislikealaminaspreaderthatproducesymmetricallydistractedforce(Fig.1A).Butthiskindofspreadercannotreproducethephysiologicvaruslaxityofthenaturalkneeinflexion,consequentlyplacingthefemoralprosthesiswithmoreexternalrotation[15].Furthermore,theappropriategaptensionisstillundefined,soanotherissueistheuncertainforcetobeapplied[16,17].Anothertensiondeviceisthespoon-shapedspacerblock,whichcanbeinsertedintoextensionandflexiongaps(Fig.1B).Thespacerblockhastheadvantageofreproducingnativegappropertiesandallowingthesurgeontoadjustthekneelaxitywithmorefineness[18].Butthiskindofdeviceisnotconvenientinpractice.Becausethestraight-designedhandleislikelytocontactthepatellartendonwheninsertedintothelateralgap,whichmayleadtoinaccuratetensionevaluation.Besides,thecurvedsurfacemakesitdifficulttobefixedinthetargetsiteduringthetensionassessmentconsideringtheobliquejointsurface.間隙平衡技術旨在通過調(diào)節(jié)軟組織張力來獲得均勻平衡的間隙。Mako機械臂系統(tǒng)提供了兩種評估韌帶張力的裝置。一種類似于產(chǎn)生對稱分散力的層壓板(圖1A)。但這種伸展器不能再現(xiàn)自然膝關節(jié)屈曲時的生理性內(nèi)翻松弛,從而使股骨假體更向外旋轉(zhuǎn)[15]。此外,合適的間隙張力仍未確定,因此另一個問題是要施加的不確定力[16,17]。另一種張力裝置是勺形的間隔塊,它可以插入伸直和屈曲間隙(圖1B)。間隔塊的優(yōu)點是再現(xiàn)了原有的間隙特性,允許外科醫(yī)生更精細地調(diào)整膝關節(jié)松弛度[18]。但這種裝置在實際應用中并不方便。因為直型設計的手柄在插入外側(cè)間隙時很可能接觸到髕韌帶,這可能導致不準確的張力評估。此外,考慮到斜關節(jié)面,在進行張力評估時,曲面難以固定在目標部位。??Fig.1?(A)Thelaminaspreaderliketensiondevice.(B)Thespoon-shapedspacerblockwithdifferentthickness??Thepurposeofthisstudyistodescribeanewspacer-basedgapbalancingtechniquewithFAusingtheMAKOroboticarmsystem(Fig.2).本研究的目的是描述一種新的基于間隔器的間隙平衡技術,該技術使用MAKO機械臂系統(tǒng)(圖2)。?Fig.2Themodifiedspacer-basedgaptooliscomprisedoftwoplateswithflatsurfaceconnectedbyahandlewithanoffsetlever.(A)Thethicknessofplatesrangesfrom5–12mmwith1mminterval(B)Thelatestversionhasincreasedthethicknessrange:1–22mmwith1mminterval)??MethodsSubjectsTwenty-twoconsecutivepatients(7males,15females,22knees)whounderwentprimaryTKAusingtheMAKOroboticarmsystem(Stryker,Mahwah,NJ,USA)fromJunetoDecemberin2021wereincludedinthisstudy.Allsurgerieswereperformedbyasingleexperiencedorthopaedicsurgeon.Themodifiedspacer-basedgaptool(JiangsuBazhengMedicalTechnologyCo.,Ltd)hasbeenpatented(Publication:CN213249800U)andwasusedunderthesupervisionoftheMAKOproductspecialist.Themeanageofsubjectswas61.3?±?6.1yearsold(51–72years).AllsubjectswerediagnosedwithkneeosteoarthritisandgradedIII-IVbyKellgren-Lawrence(K-L)classification(11gradeIII,11gradeIV),with17casesofvaruskneeand5casesofvalgusknee.Patientswithahistoryoftraumaorsurgeryontheoperativekneewereexcluded.Theimplantusedincludedposterior-stabilized(PS)andcruciate-retaining(CR)types(16PS,6CR)(Table1).Thesurgeonswhomeasuredandevaluatedclinicaloutcomeswereblinded.Writteninformedconsentwasobtainedfromallpatientsfortheuseoftheirdataandimagesinresearch.ThisstudywasconductedafterapprovalbytheInstitutionalReviewBoardofNanjingDrumTowerHospital(2022???668).??Table1PatientdemographicSD:standarddeviation;BMI:bodymassindex;HKA:hip-knee-ankleangle(measuredmedially);LDFA:lateraldistalfemoralangle;MPTA:medialproximaltibialangle;JLCA:jointlineconvergenceangle??Pre-operativemanagementPre-operatively,thehip-knee-ankleangle(HKA)wasmeasuredfromstandardlong-standinganteroposteriorradiographs.KneefunctionwasrecordedusingKneeSocietyScore(KSS)andWesternOntarioandMcMasterUniversitiesArthritisIndex(WOMAC).?OperativeproceduresAllMAKOroboticarm-assistedTKAsurgerieswereperformedbyasinglesurgeon.Afterexposingthekneejointwiththemedialparapatellarapproach,reflectivearrayinsertionandlandmarkregistrationwereperformedfollowingtheMAKOTKASurgicalGuide.Thenintra-operativeligamentbalancingadjustmentwasconductedasbelow:?Step1:pre-evaluationofmaximalextensionandflexiongapsCompleteremovalofosteophytescouldraisetheaccuracyofgapmeasurementandligamenttensionassessment,asosteophytesmaymisestimatebothgapsandtension.Afterremovalofosteophytes,nativeligamenttensionwaspre-assessedusingthevarusandvalgustestatextension(-3°~20°ofkneeflexion)and90°offlexion(85°~95°ofkneeflexion).Themedial/lateralgapsizeunderthevalgus/varustestindicatedthemaximalgapdistanceunderthecurrentresectionplanning.?Step2:tibialresectionadjustmentstoobtainequalextensionandflexiongapsTheaimofthisstepwastoobtainequalextensionand90°offlexiongapsofaround19mm.Thevaluesofgapencompassedthedistancebetweentheproximaltibialcutsurfaceandthedistalandposteriorfemoralcutssurfaceinextensionandflexion,respectively,whilealsoaccountingforthecombinedthicknessoftheimplantsandpolyethyleneinsertion(9mm)asrecommendedbytheMAKOguideline.Inpatientswithseveretibialbonedefect,thesurgeoncanchangethegaptargetto21–23mmfor11–13mminsertion.Oneormoreofthefollowingmethodscouldbeappliedtoachieveequalextensionandflexiongaps,buttheoveralllimbalignmentonthecoronalplaneshouldbelimitedbetween3°ofvalgusand3°ofvarus[19]:19.AlmaawiAM,HuttJRB,MasseV,LavigneM,VendittoliPA.Theimpactofmechanicalandrestrictedkinematicalignmentonkneeanatomyintotalkneearthroplasty.JArthroplasty.2017;32(7):2133–40.?Ifextensionandflexiongapswerenotbalancedwithlessthan19mm,thesurgeoncouldincreasemoretibialresectionmediallyorlaterally.Ifextensionandflexiongapswerebalancedbutnotequalto19mm,thesurgeoncouldlowerorraisetheresectionleveltomanipulatemedialandlateralgapssimultaneously,andcouldalsoadjusttheposteriorslopeofthetibiatoincreaseordecreaseflexiongaps(within0°-3°forPSprosthesisand5°forCRprosthesis).Whenthemedialandlateralgapswerearound19mmwithdifferencewithin1mm,tibialresectionwasproceededfirst.Butinpractice,mostcasescannotreceiveappropriateflexiongapsatthisstep,whichcanbefurtheradjustedatthenextstep.?Step3:ligamenttensionassessmentwithmodifiedgapplateinstrumentAllosteophyteswerecarefullyremovedaftercompletingthetibialcut.Theaimofthisstepwastoapplymodifiedgapplatetoobtainequalextensionandflexiongapsofaround19mmwithappropriateligamenttension.Gapplateswithdifferentthicknesswereinsertedintothemedialandlateralgaptogether.Suitablethicknesswasdeterminedbythesurgeon’sexperience,whichcouldrefertothetwostandardsasbelow[20,21].Afterinsertinggapplates,thesurgeoncouldapplyvarusandvalgustest,iftheincreaseofmedial/lateralgapdistanceundervalgus/varustestwaslessthan2mm,thecorrespondingligamenttensioncouldbeconsideredsuitable.Afterinsertinggapplates,themedialandlateralcollateralligamentswerealittletightbutstillelastic.Andwhenpullingoutgapplates,thesurgeoncouldfeeltheresistance.Themedialgapwasallowedtobealittletighterthanthelateralgap.Ifthegapwasnotbalancedto19mm,oneormoreofthefollowingmethodscouldbeapplied.Thecoronalalignmentshouldbelimitedto6°varusto3°valgusfortibiacomponent,6°valgusto3°varusforfemoralcomponent,and3°varusto3°valgusforHKA[22].Ifnot,softtissuereleasewouldbeperformedtillthealignmentwascontrolledinthesaferange.22.ClarkGW,SteerRA,KhanRN,CollopyDM,WoodD.MaintainingJointLineObliquityoptimizesoutcomesoffunctionalalignmentintotalkneearthro-plastyinpatientswithconstitutionallyVarusKnees.JArthroplasty.2023;38(7Suppl2):S239–44.?Ifonlyflexionorextensiongapneededtobebalanced,thesurgeoncanadjusttherotationorvarus/valgusalignmentofthefemoralcomponent.Ifflexiongapwasbalancedbutnotequalto19mm,thesurgeoncouldpositionthefemoralcomponentmoreanteriororposteriortomanipulatetheflexiongap,whileavoidinganteriorfemoralnotchingandfemoralcomponentoverhanging.Ifextensiongapwasbalancedbutnotequalto19mm,thesurgeoncouldpositionthefemoralcomponentmoredistalorproximaltomanipulatetheextensiongap.?Step4:finalassessmentofgapbalanceWhenthemedialandlateralgapswerearound19mmwithdifferencewithin1mmandoptimalligamenttensionwasobtained,femoralresectionwasproceeded.Aftertrialandfinalimplantswereplaced,gapbalancecouldbereassessedwiththemethoddescribedatStep3.?Post-operativemanagementPost-operativeanalgesiawasappliedroutinelyinpatientswithoutrenalinsufficiency,includingintravenousparecoxibandbuprenorphinetransdermalpatch.Eachpatientwasencouragedtowalkwithawalkerframeundertheguidanceofrehabilitationphysicianswithin3daysaftersurgery.Lowerlimbalignmentwasevaluatedat3monthsaftersurgeryandkneefunctionwasevaluatedat3monthsand1yearoffollow-up.A5-pointLikertscale(verysatisfied,satisfied,neutral,dissatisfied,verydissatisfied)wasusedtoevaluatepatientsatisfactionat1yearoffollow-up.?StatisticalanalysisStatisticalanalysiswasconductedusingtheSPSS25(IBMCorp.,Armonk,NY,USA).Shapiro-Wilktestwasusedtoassessdatanormality.Wilcoxonsigned-ranktestandtwo-tailedpairedt-testanalyzednon-normalandnormaldata,respectively,forboneresectionparameters.ThestatisticaldifferencebetweenpreandpostoperativeHKAwasanalyzedusingWilcoxonsigned-ranktest.One-wayANOVAandBonferronimethodwereusedforclinicaloutcomemeasuresandmultiplecomparisoncorrection.Ap-valueof0.05wasconsideredstatisticallysignificant.?ResultsDuringthesurgery,thefinalgapdistancewas18.6?±?0.7mm(18–20mm)mediallyand19.0?±?1.0mm(18–21mm)laterallyatextensionand18.6?±?0.7mm(17–20mm)mediallyand18.6?±?0.5mm(18–19mm)laterallyat90°offlexion.All22patientswerefollowedupat3monthsand1yearaftersurgery.Lowerlimbpresentedmoreneutralalignmentaftersurgery(175.2°±6.7°vs.179.4°±2.9°)basedonstandardlong-standinganteroposteriorradiographs.Themeanpreoperativekneeextensionwas7.6°±4.6°(0°-15°)andflexionwas88.6°±4.1°(80°-95°).Amongthe22patients,9wererecordedas‘verysatisfied’,11as‘satisfied’,and2as‘neutral’.Nopatientspresentedkneeflexioncontractureaftersurgery.Thepost-operativeflexionwassignificantlyimprovedat3-monthsfollow-up(109.1°±7.3°(100°-125°)vs.88.6°±4.1°(80°-95°),p?0.001)andat1-yearfollow-upcomparedto3-monthsfollow-up(116.6°±7.3°(105°-130°)vs.109.1°±7.3°(100°-125°),p?0.001)(Table2).??Table2Pre-operativeandpost-operativeclinicaloutcomemeasuresSD:standarddeviation;HKA:hip-knee-ankleangle(measuredmedially);ROM:rangeofmotion;WOMAC:WesternOntarioandMcMasterUniversitiesArthritisIndex;KSS:KneeSocietyScore;p1:comparisonbetweenpre-operationand3-monthfollow-up;p2:comparisonbetween3-monthand1-yearfollow-up;p3:comparisonbetweenpre-operationand1-yearfollow-up??Theintra-operativeboneresectionparameterswereshowninTable3.Theplannedandadjustedtibialcutvarusanglewere0.4°±1.2°and1.1°±1.2°,respectively(p?0.05).Therewasastatisticaldifferenceoftheexternalrotationangleoffemoralcut(withrespecttotrans-epicondylaraxis(TEA))betweentheplannedandadjustedmeasures(1.6°±2.4°vs.2.7°±2.5°,p?0.05).TheadjustedHKAwassignificantlymorevarusthanplanned(178.2°±1.9°vs.179.7°±0.8°,p?0.05).??Table3ParametersforplannedandadjustedboneresectioninroboticarmsystemSD:standarddeviation;HKA:hip-knee-ankleangle(measuredmedially)??WOMACscorewassignificantlyimprovedat3-monthsfollow-upandat1-yearfollow-upcomparedto3-monthsfollow-up,includingpain(8.7?±?1.6vs.2.8?±?1.2and2.8?±?1.2vs.0.7?±?0.8,p?0.001forboth),stiffness(2.5?±?1.1vs.0.6?±?0.5and0.6?±?0.5vs.0.0?±?0.0,p?0.001forboth),physicalfunction(35.9?±?6.4vs.7.5?±?1.9and7.5?±?1.9vs.3.9?±?1.5,p?0.001forboth),andtotal(47.1?±?7.6vs.11.0?±?3.1and11.0?±?3.1vs.4.5?±?2.0,p?0.001forboth).KSSscorewasalsosignificantlyimprovedat3-monthsfollow-upandat1-yearfollow-upcomparedto3-monthsfollow-up,includingclinicalscore(51.0?±?10.7vs.84.1?±?3.8and84.1?±?3.8vs.91.0?±?4.3,p?0.001)andfunctionalscore(34.5?±?15.9vs.78.4?±?4.7and78.4?±?4.7vs.87.5?±?5.7,p?0.001)(Table2).?CasedemonstrationPre-operativemanagementA58-year-oldmaleunderwentMAKOroboticarm-assistedTKAfortherightkneewithosteoarthritis.Pre-operativeHKAwas172°(Fig.3).Thepre-operativerangeofmotion(ROM)oftherightkneewas10°-85°.Thepre-operativeWOMACscorewas8forpain,1forstiffness,40forphysicalfunction,and49fortotal.Thepre-operativeKSSscorewas48forclinicalscoreand30forfunctionalscore.PSimplantwasusedinthesurgery.??Fig.3Pre-operativeHKAwas172°measuredmediallyfromthestandardlong-standinganteroposteriorradiograph??SurgicalprocedureStep1Afterremovingvisibleosteophytes,nativekneeligamenttensionwaspre-assessedusingvarus-valgustestatextensionand90°offlexion.Themaximummedialandlateralgapwas15and17mmatextension(Fig.4AandB)andthemaximummedialandlateralgapwas11and19mmat90°offlexion(Fig.4CandD).??Fig.4?(A)Themaximummedialgapundervalgustestwas15mmatextension;(B)Themaximallateralgapundervarustestwas17mmatextension;(C)Themaximummedialgapundervalgustestwas11mmat90°offlexion;(D)Themaximallateralgapundervarustestwas19mmat90°offlexion??Step2Inthiscase,themedialgapsweresmallerthan19mmatextensionand90°offlexion,sothesurgeonlockedthetibialcutlaterallyandapplied1°ofvarusonthecoronalplaneandincreased1°ofposteriorslopeonthesagittalplane.Thenthesurgeonobtainedabalancedextensiongapof19mm,buttheflexiongapwasstillnotbalancedlimitedtothesafezoneofalignment(Fig.5AandB).??Fig.5Afterapplying1°morevarusonthecoronalplaneand1°moreposteriorslopeonthesagittalplaneofthetibialresection,(A)abalancedextensiongapof19mmwasobtained,(B)buttheflexiongapwasstillnotbalancedandthemedialgapdistancewasmuchsmallerthan19mm??Step3Aftercompletingthetibialresection,theresidualosteophytessurroundingthefemoralposteriorcondyleswerethenremovedtoobtainmoreaccurateligamenttension.Gapplateswithsuitablethicknesswereinsertedintomedialandlateralgapsatextensionfirst.Noadditionaladjustmentsofthefemoraldistalresectionwererequiredbecausetheextensiongapwasbalancedwiththegapdistanceof19mm(Fig.6AandB).Thengapplateswithsuitablethicknesswereinsertedintomedialandlateralgapsat90°offlexion.Becausetheflexiongapwasnotbalanced(Fig.5B),thesurgeonplacedthefemoralcomponentmoreanteriorandapplied4°moreexternalrotationrelativetothetrans-epicondylaraxis(TEA)toequalizegapsto19mm(Fig.6CandD).??Fig.6?(A)and(B)Noadditionaladjustmentsoffemoralresectiononthecoronalplanewererequired.(C)and(D)Thefemoralcomponentwasplacedmoreanteriorand4°ofexternalrotationtoobtainbalancedgapsof19mm?Step4Afterthefemoralresectionwasaccomplished,trialandfinalimplantswereplacedandthegapbalancewasreassessedagainusingthemethoddescribedbefore.Inthiscase,thesurgeonchosesize5forfemoralimplant,size5fortibialimplant,and9mmforpolyethyleneinsert.Wellbalancedgapsof19mmwithappropriateligamenttensionwereobtainedafterplacingfinalcomponents(Fig.7AandB).??Fig.7Afterplacingfinalimplants,balancedgapsof19mmwithappropriateligamenttensionwereobtainedat(A)extensionand(B)90°offlexion??Post-operativeoutcomesThepost-operativeHKAmeasuredfromthestandardlong-standinganteroposteriorradiographwas178°(Fig.8).TheROMoftherightkneewas0°-105°and0°-115°at3-monthsand1-yearfollow-up.Thelevelofpatientsatisfactionwasrecordedas‘verysatisfied’aftersurgery.WOMACscoreat3-monthsand1-yearfollow-upwas1and0forpain,0and0forstiffness,8and4forphysicalfunction,and9and4fortotalscore.KSSscoreat3-monthsand1-yearfollow-upwas86and93forclinicalscore,and75and90forfunctionalscore.??Fig.8Post-operativeHKAwas178°measuredmediallyfromthestandardlong-standinganteroposteriorradiograph??DiscussionLimbalignment,flexion-extensiongapbalancing,andsofttissuetensionareimportantrolesinimpactingpatientsatisfaction,functionaloutcomes,andcomponentsurvivorshipafterTKA[19,20].Inthisstudy,anewgapbalancingtechniquewithFAusingtheMAKOroboticarmsystemwasdescribed,whichpresentedcontrolledlimbalignmentandsatisfiedclinicaloutcomes.Therearesomeindividualshaveconstitutionalvaruskneeandobliquityofnativekneejointlineinthegeneralpopulation[23].ClassicalMAtechniqueisdesignedtoachieveaneutralalignment.Butforcaseswithseriousvarusorvalgusdeformity,softtissuereleaseisalwaysnecessarytoobtainbalancedgaptension,whichisconsideredasoneimportantfactorcontributingpainandpatientdissatisfactionafterTKA[2,24].KAtechniqueinvolvesperformingparallelboneresectionstoreconstructthejointsurfacewiththepurposeofrestoringtheoriginalanatomicalstructureandkinematics[4].Topromotebetterkinematics,someKAtechniquesutilizeasymmetricpolyethyleneinserts.Furtherreaserchisneededtoexploretherelationshipbetweenpolyethyleneinserts,kinematics,andoutcomes[25,26,27].Additionally,thereweresomestudiesindicatedthatKAimprovedearlyfunctionaloutcomes,whileotherstudiessuggestednodifferencecomparedtotraditionalMA[4,28,29].AnotherconcernisthehigherrateofoutliersforKA[30].Althoughthereisresearchthatthisdoesnotreducecomponentssurvivorship,concernspersistaboutthepotentialincreasedriskofearlyrevisionsduetopositioningcomponentsoutsidethesafezone[31].Inthisstudy,allcaseswerealignedwithindefinerangethroughadjustingboneresections,andsofttissuereleaseswerenotrequired.Butforpatientswithseveredeformity,softtissuereleasecanbeattempteduntilsafealignmentisachieved.Themeanpost-operativeHKAwas179.4°±2.9°rangingfrom177°to183°(n?=?22).WhencomparedwiththealignmentusingthekinematictechniquereportedbyMcEwenetal.,whichwas179.0°±2.4°rangingfrom174.0°to183.9°(n?=?41)[32],themethodofthisstudyshowedamorecontrolledHKA.ThemeanMPTAwas85.4°,whichcouldexplainthemorevarusofthetibialcut.Theincreasedexternalrotationofthefemoralresectionwasassociatedwithchangesintheflexiongapaftercuttingthecruciateligament.Thisadjustmentcouldreducemedialsofttissuereleasewhileachievingmedialgapbalance.Innocentietal.’sstudyindicatedthetibialcomponentmalalignmentonthecoronalplanewasassociatedwithincreasedstressbetweentheboneandpolyethylene[33],whileanotherstudyproposedthattibialcomponentmalalignmentwouldnotincreasethepressureofmedialorlateralcompartmentscomparedwiththosein-rangealignment(87°≤MPTA≤93°)[30].Inthisstudy,theboneresectionwastendedtobeadjustedtoreceivebalancedgap,insteadofusingthesofttissuereleasetechnique,sotheactualtibialcutwasmorevarusandthefemoralresectionwasmoreexternalrotationandasaresult,thefinalHKAwasmorevarusthanplannedduringthesurgery.GaptensionisanothercriticalfactoraffectingclinicaloutcomesafterTKA.Researchindicatedthatasymmetricflexiongapcouldalsoimproveearlyclinicaloutcomes[34].Eachalignmenttechniquehasitsproponents,andinthisstudy,FAtechniquewasutilizedtoachievesymmetricextensionandflexiongapswithminimizedsofttissuerelease.Toobtainapproximatelycontrolledextensionandflexiongapsbeforeligamenttensionassessment,completetibialresectionwaspresentedfirst.Conventionaltensioner-basedgapbalancingtechniqueisdesignedtodistractthemedialandlateralgapwiththetargetforcebyatorquedriverandadjustthegapbalancereferringtothegapobliquity.Butconsideringthegaptensionanddifferencesbetweenmedialandlateralgapwouldbothchangeconstantlyduringthearcofflexioninnativeknees,sothiskindofdeviceishardtoreproducethephysiologictensionofnativeknees[35].Tensionsensordevicehasalsobeendevelopedtoquantitatethegaptension,butthecurrenttechniqueismoreusuallyappliedtodescribethetensionprofilesofnativeandreplacedknees.Andconsideringtheindividualdifference,thetargettensionisstillnotunified.Furthermore,extendedoperativetimeandhighercostalsolimitedtheapplicationofthetensionsensor[36,37,38].Themodifiedgaptoolislikeabisectedspacerblock.Thesurgeoncouldfine-tunethegaptensionbyadjustingthemedialandlateralplatethicknessseparately,allowingtoreproducethegappropertiesofnativeknees.Inthisstudy,wellbalancedgapwithappropriateligamenttensionwasobtainedinall22patients,with18.6?±?0.7mm/19.0?±?1.0mmofmedial/lateralgapatextensionand18.6?±?0.7mm/18.6?±?0.5mmofmedial/lateralgapat90°offlexion.Thisstudyhassomelimitations.First,alargerpopulationandlongerfollow-upwouldberequiredtoverifytheeffectivenessandreliabilityofthistechnique.Second,nocontrolgroupwasincludedforcomparison.Thisdecisionwastakenfortworeasons.First,somestudiescomparingFAwithothertechniqueshaveshownthatFAachievedbetterearlyoutcomes.[39,40,41].Thisstudyonlyproposedamodifiedmethodusingthespacer-basedgaptoolaccompaniedwiththeMAKOroboticarmsystemfortheconductionofFAtechnique.Thenthisisapreliminarystudyandlimitedtothefewpatientschoosingtherobotic-assistedTKA,itishardtoconductaprospectiverandomizedcontrolledtrialwithotherFAtechniquealsousingtheroboticarmsystemasthecontrolgroup.Third,theligamenttensionassessmentisstillsubjective,sothiskindofgapplateswouldbefurtherdevelopedtoquantifythegaptensionandhelpmorebeginnersconductgapbalancingduringTKA.Additionally,allsurgerieswereperformedbyasinglesurgeon,whichcouldintroducebias,astheresultsmaybeinfluencedbythespecificskillsandtechniquesofthissurgeon.Futurestudiesshouldtakethisintoconsiderationandprovideamorecomprehensiveassessmentoftheinstrument’seffectiveness.?ConclusionsThiskindofspacer-basedgapbalancingtechniquewithFAusingtheMAKOroboticarmsystemcouldpromisecontrolledlimbalignment,balancedflexion-extensiongap,andsuitablesofttissuetension,thusimprovingpatientsatisfactionandfunctionaloutcomesafterTKA.這種采用MAKO機械臂系統(tǒng)的基于間隔器的間隙平衡技術可以控制肢體對線、平衡屈伸間隙和適當?shù)能浗M織張力,從而提高患者滿意度和TKA后的功能結(jié)果。2024年08月28日
159
0
0
-
曾紀洲主任醫(yī)師 北京潞河醫(yī)院 骨關節(jié)外科 全膝關節(jié)置換治療膝關節(jié)夏科氏關節(jié)病的中長期療效(2024)Mid-toLong-TermResultsofTotalKneeArthroplastyforCharcotArthropathyoftheKnee?OnoiY,MatsumotoT,NakanoN,TsubosakaM,KamenagaT,KurodaY,IshidaK,HayashiS,KurodaR.Mid-toLong-TermResultsofTotalKneeArthroplastyforCharcotArthropathyof?theKnee[J].IndianJOrthop,2024,58(3):308-315.?轉(zhuǎn)載文章的原鏈接1:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38425826/?轉(zhuǎn)載文章的原鏈接2:https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43465-023-01094-z?AbstractBackground:Totalkneearthroplasty(TKA)forCharcotarthropathyofthekneeisconsideredcontroversialbecauseofitshighercomplicationratecomparedwiththatofTKAforosteoarthritis.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedtheclinicaloutcomes,survivalrates,andcomplicationsofprimaryTKAforCharcotarthropathy.全膝關節(jié)置換術(TKA)治療膝關節(jié)Charcot關節(jié)病被認為是有爭議的,因為與骨關節(jié)炎的TKA相比,其并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率更高。在這項研究中,我們調(diào)查了初次TKA治療Charcot關節(jié)病的臨床結(jié)果、生存率和并發(fā)癥。?Methods:Weconductedaretrospectiveanalysisofninepatients(12knees)withCharcotarthropathywhounderwentTKA.Themeanageofthepatientswas63.9±9.4years(range,52-83years).Themostfrequentcausativediseasewasdiabetesmellitus(threepatients).Patients'clinicaloutcomes,includingthe2011KneeSocietyScoreandtherangeofmotion,werecomparedbetweenpreoperativeandthemostrecentpostoperativedata.The5-and10-yearsurvivalratesforasepticrevision,revisionduetoinfection,andcomplicationswereexamined.Themeanfollow-upperiodwas7.3±3.9years(range,3-14years).我們對9例Charcot關節(jié)病患者(12個膝關節(jié))進行了全膝關節(jié)置換術的回顧性分析?;颊咂骄挲g為63.9±9.4歲(52~83歲)。最常見的病因是糖尿病(3例)?;颊叩呐R床結(jié)果,包括2011年膝關節(jié)社會評分和活動范圍,在術前和術后的最新數(shù)據(jù)之間進行比較。檢查無菌翻修、感染翻修和并發(fā)癥翻修的5年和10年生存率。平均隨訪時間7.3±3.9年(范圍3~14年)。?Results:The2011KneeSocietyScoreandthekneeflexionanglesignificantlyimprovedafterTKAsurgery(P<0.05).The5-yearsurvivalratesforasepticrevision,revisionduetoinfection,andcomplicationswere100%,91.7%,and83.3%,respectively;the10-yearsurvivalratesfortheseparameterswerethesame.Onepatientunderwentrevisionforinsertreplacementduetoperiprostheticinfection,andtheotherpatienthadvarus/valgusinstabilityduetosofttissueloosening.TKA術后膝關節(jié)社會評分和膝關節(jié)屈曲角度均顯著提高(P<0.05)。無菌翻修、感染翻修和并發(fā)癥翻修的5年生存率分別為100%、91.7%和83.3%;這些參數(shù)的10年生存率是相同的。一名患者因假體周圍感染接受假體置換翻修,另一名患者因軟組織松動出現(xiàn)內(nèi)翻/外翻不穩(wěn)定。?Conclusions:Themid-tolong-termresultsofTKAforCharcotarthropathyweregenerallyfavorable.OurfindingsindicatethatTKAmaybeaviabletreatmentoptionforCharcotarthropathy.TKA治療Charcot關節(jié)病的中長期結(jié)果通常是有利的。我們的研究結(jié)果表明TKA可能是治療Charcot關節(jié)病的可行選擇。?Keywords:Charcotarthropathy;Constrainedcondylarprosthesis;Neuropathicarthropathy;Rotatinghingeprosthesis;Survivalrates;Totalkneearthroplasty.?IntroductionCharcotarthropathyisadegenerativeneuropathicarthropathythatleadstoseverejointdestructionandinstability,causedbyrepetitiveasymptomaticmicrotraumaduetodecreasedorabsentjointnociception[1].Theglobalincreaseintheincidenceofdiabetesmellitus(DM),themaincausativediseaseofCharcotarthropathy,isexpectedtoleadtoahigherprevalenceofCharcotarthropathy[2,3].BecauseofthenatureofCharcotarthropathy,patientsrarelycomplainofpainduringtheearlydeformitystagesandtypicallyseektreatmentonlyafterseveredeformity,instability,andgaitdisturbancehaveoccurred[4].ThismakesCharcotarthropathyoneofthemostdifficultconditionsfororthopaedicsurgeonstotreat.Charcot關節(jié)病是一種退行性神經(jīng)性關節(jié)病,可導致嚴重的關節(jié)破壞和不穩(wěn)定,由關節(jié)痛覺減少或缺失引起的重復性無癥狀微創(chuàng)傷引起[1]。糖尿病(DM)是Charcot關節(jié)病的主要致病疾病,隨著全球糖尿病發(fā)病率的增加,預計將導致Charcot關節(jié)病的患病率升高[2,3]。由于Charcot關節(jié)病的性質(zhì),患者在早期畸形階段很少主訴疼痛,通常只有在發(fā)生嚴重畸形、不穩(wěn)定和步態(tài)障礙后才尋求治療[4]。這使得Charcot關節(jié)病成為骨科醫(yī)生最難治療的疾病之一。Althoughtotalkneearthroplasty(TKA)forCharcotarthropathywaspreviouslynotrecommendedbecauseofitshighrateofcomplications,suchasperiprostheticinfection,fracture,anddislocation[5,6],severalrecentstudieshaveshowngoodshort-termclinicaloutcomeswithTKA[2,7].However,thereislimitedliteratureonthemid-tolong-termresultsofTKAforCharcotarthropathy[8,9],andimportantquestionsregardingsurvivalrates,potentialcomplications,andclinicaloutcomesofTKAremainunresolved.ThislackofinformationmaypreventpropermanagementofCharcotarthropathy.Therefore,weaimedtoreportthemid-tolong-termresultsofprimaryTKAforpatientswithCharcotarthropathy.盡管全膝關節(jié)置換術(TKA)治療Charcot關節(jié)病之前不被推薦,因為其并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率高,如假體周圍感染、骨折和脫位[5,6],但最近的幾項研究表明,TKA的短期臨床效果良好[2,7]。然而,關于TKA治療Charcot關節(jié)病的中長期結(jié)果的文獻有限[8,9],TKA的生存率、潛在并發(fā)癥和臨床結(jié)果等重要問題仍未解決。這種信息的缺乏可能會妨礙對Charcot關節(jié)病的適當治療。因此,我們的目的是報道原發(fā)性全膝關節(jié)置換術治療Charcot關節(jié)病患者的中長期結(jié)果。MaterialsandMethodsPatientsThestudywasapprovedbytheInstitutionalReviewBoardofourinstitution(PermissionNo;1510),andwritteninformedconsentwasobtainedfromthepatients.Weconductedaretrospectiveanalysisof11consecutivepatientswithCharcotarthropathyofthekneewhounderwentprimaryTKAatourinstitutionbetweenAugust2008andMarch2020.TwopatientswereexcludedfromthestudybecausetheydiedwithinoneyearforreasonsunrelatedtoTKA.Theremainingninepatients(12knees),consistingoffourmenandfivewomenwithameanageof63.9?±?9.4years(range,52–83years)atthetimeofTKA,wereenrolledinthestudy.NoneofthepatientshadundergonearthroscopicdebridementorotherkneesurgeriespriortotheTKAs.PriortoTKA,threepatientshadipsilateralanklejointfracturesandunderwentopenreductionandinternalfixation.TheCharcotarthropathy-causativeneuropathywasdiagnosedbyneurologistsusingnerveconductionstudies,electromyography,andclinicalevaluations.Orthopaedicsurgeonsverifiedthediagnosesbyphysicalexaminationandradiographicstudies,revealingfeaturescharacteristicofCharcotarthropathy,includingseveredeformity,instability,andrestrictedrangeofmotion.Theninepatientsincludedinthestudyhadavarietyofcausativediseases.Ofthese,DMwasthemostcommon(threepatients),withameanHbA1cof5.9?±?0.2%(range,5.6–6.1%).Twopatientshadneurosyphilis,onehadCharcot-Marie-Toothdisease,onehadGuillain–Barresyndrome,onehadcervicalossificationoftheposteriorlongitudinalligament,andonehadmeningealaneurysm(Table1).Noneofthepatientswerelosttofollow-up,andthemeanfollow-upperiodwas7.3?±?3.9years(range,3–14years).??Table1Patients’characteristics??OperativeProceduresAllsurgerieswereperformedbyseniorsurgeonswith>?15yearsofexperienceinTKAprocedures.Allpatientsreceivedgeneralanesthesiaandfemoral/sciaticnerveblockwith0.75%ropivacaine(40mL).Afterinflatingtheairtourniquetto250mmHg,thekneeswereexposedbymedialparapatellararthrotomy;osteotomywasperformedusingthemeasuredresectiontechnique.ALegacyconstrainedcondylarkneeprosthesis(LCCK;ZimmerBiomet,Warsaw,IN,USA)wasinsertedintenkneesandarotatinghingekneeprosthesis(RHK;ZimmerBiomet)wasinsertedintwokneespresentinghyperextension.Stemswereusedinboththefemurandtibiaforsevenknees;infourknees,thestemswereusedinthetibiaonly;inoneknee,nostemswereused,followingaprotocoltousestemsinfragilebones.Augmentationwasappliedtoreplacetibialbonedefectsof>5mmineightknees.Allthefemoralandtibialprostheseswerefixedwithcementafterpulsedlavage,drying,andpressurizationofthecement.Patellarresurfacingwasconductedinsevenkneeswithpatellardeformity.Afteralltheprostheseswereimplanted,lateralretinacularreleasewasneededinfourcasesofkneesbasedontheassessmentofpatellartracking.Duringsurgery,nocaseshadsofttissueinjuriessuchasmedialorlateralcollateralligamentsorpatellartendons(Table1).?PostoperativeTherapyTheoperatedkneedidnotwearanybracefromthedayofsurgery.Fromthedayaftersurgery,allpatientswereallowedfullweight-bearingandbeganactivekneemotionexercises,alongwithquadriceps-strengtheningexercisesandstandingatthebedsideorwalkingwithcrutchesorawalkerunderthesupervisionofaphysicaltherapist.Onthe14thpostoperativeday,thewoundstitcheswereremoved.Nopatienthadanyinfectionorwounddehiscenceatthispoint.Twotofourweeksaftersurgery,patientsweredischargedfromthehospital,andphysicaltherapyattheoutpatientclinicwasconductedonceaweekforthreemonthsaftersurgery.Inadditiontotheinpatientrehabilitationprogram,outpatientrehabilitationfocusedonactivitiesofdailylivingexercisessuchasbathing,hillwalking,andstairclimbing,tailoredtoeachpatient'scondition.Forpostoperativeanalgesia,NSAIDswereadministeredupto1monthpostoperativelyandacetaminophenfrom1to3monthspostoperatively.AfterdiagnosisofosteoporosisbydualenergyX-rayabsorptiometry,patientsreceivedoraladministrationof35mgalendronateonceaweekand0.75μgeldecalcitoldaily.?ClinicalandRadiographicEvaluationsClinicalandradiographicevaluationswereperformedforeachpatientpreoperatively,andat3-,6-,and12-monthspostoperatively,andannuallythereafter.The2011KneeSocietyScore(KSS)[10]wasrecordedandassessed.Therangeofmotion(ROM)wasmeasuredthreetimeseachusingagoniometerinthesupinepositionbyseveralseniorphysiotherapistswith>?5yearsofclinicalexperience.Duringradiographicevaluation,thefemorotibialangle(FTA)wasmeasuredinfull-lengthviewsofthelowerextremities,inthestandingposition.ThestageofCharcotarthropathywasclassifiedaccordingtotheKoshinoclassification[11].Prosthesislooseningwasassessedbycomponentsubsidence>2mmorbyacompleteradiolucentlinearoundthecomponent[12].Allradiographicevaluationswereindependentlyanalyzedbytwoinvestigators,whohad>?10yearsofclinicalexperienceandwerenotinvolvedintheoperations.11.Koshino,T.(1991).Stageclassifications,typesofjointdestruction,andbonescintigraphyinCharcotjointdisease.BulletinoftheHospitalforJointDiseasesOrthopaedicInstitute,51(2),205–217.12.Ewald,F.C.(1989).TheKneeSocietytotalkneearthroplastyroentgenographicevaluationandscoringsystem.ClinicalOrthopaedicsandRelatedResearch,248,9–12.?StatisticalAnalysisAllvalueswerenormallydistributedandwereexpressedasmean?±?standarddeviation(SD).AllstatisticalanalyseswereperformedusingthestatisticalsoftwareEZR(SaitamaMedicalCenter,JichiMedicalUniversity,Saitama,Japan)[13].Pairedttestswereusedtocomparethe2011KSSandROMbetweenpreoperativeandthemostrecentdata.Forpatientswhodiedorexperiencedrevisionsurgery,thevaluesatthepre-eventvisitwereconsideredthemostrecentdata.TheKaplan–Meiermethodwasusedtocreatesurvivalcurvesforrevisionandcomplications[14].StatisticalsignificancewassetatP?0.05.?ResultsClinicalOutcomesTheaveragepre-andpostoperative2011KSSandtheirsubscales,ROMs,andmobilityarepresentedinTable2.The2011KKS,allitssubscales,andkneeflexionanglesweresignificantlyimprovedfollowingsurgery(P?0.05)(Table2).Preoperatively,noneofthepatientscouldwalkindependentlyandonlythreepatientscouldwalkwithasinglecane;however,postoperatively,threepatientswereabletowalkindependentlyandfivepatientscouldwalkwithasinglecane(Table2).???Table2Clinicaloutcomespre-andpost-operatively??RadiographicResultsAccordingtotheKoshinoclassification,twokneeshadstageII,and10kneeshadstageIIICharcotarthropathy(Table1).Preoperatively,theFTAofeightvaruskneeswas199.8?±?11.1°(range,186–223°)andtheFTAoffourvalguskneeswas155.1?±?5.4°(range,148–163°);postoperatively,theFTAimprovedto176.6?±?3.7°(range,170–183°).Nocasesshowedcomponentsubsidence>?2mmorprogressiveradiolucentlinesaroundthefemoral,tibial,orpatellarcomponents(Figs.1,2).??Fig.1Radiographsofa61-year-oldmalewithKoshinoclassificationstageIIICharcotarthropathy(No.2inTable1)preoperatively(A,B),immediatelypostoperatively(C,D),andmostrecently,14yearspostoperatively(E,F)??Fig.2Radiographsofa74-year-oldfemalewithKoshinoclassificationstageIIICharcotarthropathy(No.4.1inTable1)preoperatively(A,B),immediatelypostoperatively(C,D),andmostrecently,5yearspostoperatively(E,F)??ImplantSurvival,Revisions,andComplicationsThesurvivalratesforasepticrevision,revisionduetoinfection,andcomplicationsarepresentedinFig.3.The5-yearsurvivalrateswere100%(12/12)forasepticrevision,91.7%(11/12)forrevisionduetoinfection,and83.3%(10/12)forcomplications.The10-yearsurvivalrateswerethesame.Only2outof12patientshadcomplicationsduringfollow-upperiod.??Fig.3Kaplan–Meiercurvesofsurvivalratesforasepticrevision,revisionduetoinfection,andcomplications??Onepatientexperiencedaperiprostheticinfection4yearspostoperatively.Undergeneralanesthesia,thepolyethyleneinsertwasremoved,andthekneejointwasthoroughlydebridementandwashedwith9Lofsalinesolution.Thefemoralandtibialcomponentsshowednosepticlooseningandwerenotreplaced.Anewpolyethylenewasinsertedandthewoundwasclosed.Thedrainplacedinthekneejointwasremovedthedayaftersurgery.ThepathogenicbacteriawasE.coli,andthepatientwastreatedwithceftriaxoneintravenouslyfor6weekspostoperatively,followedbycefditorenpivoxilorallyfor6weeks.Noadditionalrevisionsurgerywasrequiredinthiscase.Theotherpatienthadcoronalplaneinstabilityduetosofttissueloosening1yearpostoperatively.Laterallooseningwassignificant,andalateralthrustwasobserved.Nolateralcollateralligamentinjurywasobservedduringsurgery,however,thesofttissuefragilitywasapparent,probablyduetoincreasedpostoperativeactivityandstress.Thepatientneededtowearahingedkneebracewhenwalking.Noneofthepatientsdevelopedpatellardislocation,periprostheticfracture,deepveinthrombosis,orpatellarcranksyndrome.?DiscussionThemostimportantfindingofthisstudyisthatTKAwasgenerallyasafetreatmentoptionforCharcotarthropathyoftheknee.Clinicaloutcomesincluding2011KSSandROMweresignificantlyimprovedatthelastfollow-up,similartopreviousreports[7,8],andthemid-tolong-termsurvivalrateforasepticrevisioninthisstudywas100%.However,severalpostoperativecomplicationswereobserved.本研究最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)是TKA通常是膝關節(jié)Charcot關節(jié)病的安全治療選擇。最后一次隨訪時,包括2011年KSS和ROM在內(nèi)的臨床結(jié)果均有顯著改善,與既往報道相似[7,8],本研究無菌翻修的中長期生存率為100%。然而,觀察到一些術后并發(fā)癥。SurvivalratesforasepticrevisionofTKAforCharcotarthropathyhavebeenreportedtobeexcellent,with100%atfiveyearsand88%attenyears[8],andourdatasupportthatresult.However,thepreviousreportshowedahighincidence(16%)ofperiprostheticinfections,whichoccurredatanaverageof3yearspostoperatively(range,1–6years)[8].Inourstudy,theincidenceofperiprostheticinfectionwasslightlylower,affecting1in12knees(8%).Charcotarthropathypatientsareoftenfrailduetotheirunderlyingdisease,andthefrailtyincreasestheincidenceofinfectionafterTKA[15].DM,themostcommondiseasecausativeofCharcotarthropathy,isalsorelatedtoahighincidenceofperiprostheticinfection[16].Inthisstudy,onecaseexperiencedpostoperativevarus/valgusinstability,whichwassimilarlyreportedinpreviousreportsandrequiredrevisionsurgeryinsomecases[6,9].However,thepatientdidnotneedrevisionsurgerybecauseofnosymptomsrelatedtotheinstabilitywithabrace.JointinstabilityisoneofthemostimportantcomplicationsinCharcotarthropathybecauseligamentouslaxityoftenoccursduetoadvancedjointdeformity.RemaininghyperextensionofthekneeafterTKAincreasestheriskofneurovascularinjuryandresidualkneepain.Insuchcases,itisimportanttochooseRHKtorestricttheextensormechanismandavoidrevisionsurgery[17,18],andthishingedprosthesiswasappliedfor2casesintheseriesofthestudy.據(jù)報道,無菌改良TKA治療Charcot關節(jié)病的生存率非常好,5年生存率為100%,10年生存率為88%[8],我們的數(shù)據(jù)支持這一結(jié)果。然而,先前的報道顯示假體周圍感染的發(fā)生率很高(16%),平均發(fā)生在術后3年(范圍1-6年)[8]。在我們的研究中,假體周圍感染的發(fā)生率略低,影響12個膝關節(jié)中的1個(8%)。Charcot關節(jié)病患者往往因其基礎疾病而身體虛弱,這種虛弱增加了TKA后感染的發(fā)生率[15]。DM是Charcot關節(jié)病最常見的病因,也與假體周圍感染的高發(fā)有關[16]。在本研究中,1例患者出現(xiàn)了術后內(nèi)翻/外翻不穩(wěn),這在之前的報道中也有類似的報道,在一些病例中需要進行翻修手術[6,9]。然而,由于沒有與支具不穩(wěn)定相關的癥狀,患者不需要翻修手術。關節(jié)不穩(wěn)定是Charcot關節(jié)病最重要的并發(fā)癥之一,因為晚期關節(jié)畸形常導致韌帶松弛。全膝關節(jié)置換術后膝關節(jié)持續(xù)過伸會增加神經(jīng)血管損傷和膝關節(jié)疼痛的風險。在這種情況下,選擇RHK來限制伸肌機制,避免翻修手術是很重要的[17,18],本系列研究中有2例使用了這種鉸鏈式假體。InTKAforCharcotarthropathy,variousprostheseshavebeenused,includingcruciate-retaining(CR),posterior-stabilized(PS),LCCK,andRHK.Thechoiceofimplantsisstillamatterofdebate[19,20].Unrestrainedcomponents(e.g.,CR,PS)areofteninappropriateforCharcotarthropathy,becausetheycanleadtopostoperativejointinstabilityduetoseveredeformityandsoft-tissueimbalance[4,19].RHKshouldbeselectedcarefully,becauseexcessiverestraintcanincreasetheriskofasepticlooseningandperiprostheticfractures[18,20].Therefore,somesurgeonsconsiderthatLCCK,whichprovidesgoodstabilitywithminimalrestriction,istheoptimalprosthesisforCharcotarthropathy[7,8].Inourstudy,LCCKwasthepreferredprothesis,withRHKusedonlyinpatientspresentingwithkneehyperextension.Moreover,whenusingconstrainedcomponents,theuseoflongstemsisimportanttodistributetheincreasedstressonthebone[21,22].Inapreviousreport,16%ofCharcotarthropathypatientstreatedwithoutstemsdevelopedasepticlooseningwithin5years[4].Conversely,anotherstudyreportednocasesofasepticlooseningafterfiveyearsandonly6%after10yearsinpatientstreatedwithstems[8].Ofthepatientsincludedinourstudy,stemswereusedin92%ofcases,withnoneofthepatientsshowingasepticlooseningduringthefollow-upperiod.在Charcot關節(jié)病的TKA中,使用了各種假體,包括交叉關節(jié)保留(CR)、后穩(wěn)定(PS)、LCCK和RHK。植入物的選擇仍然是一個有爭議的問題[19,20]。無約束假體(如CR、PS)通常不適合用于Charcot關節(jié)病,因為它們可能導致嚴重畸形和軟組織失衡導致術后關節(jié)不穩(wěn)定[4,19]。應謹慎選擇RHK,因為過度約束會增加無菌性松動和假體周圍骨折的風險[18,20]。因此,一些外科醫(yī)生認為LCCK具有良好的穩(wěn)定性和最小的限制,是治療Charcot關節(jié)病的最佳假體[7,8]。在我們的研究中,LCCK是首選的假體,RHK僅用于出現(xiàn)膝關節(jié)過伸的患者。此外,當使用受限組件時,使用長柄對于分配骨上增加的應力很重要[21,22]。在先前的報道中,16%的Charcot關節(jié)病患者在5年內(nèi)發(fā)生無菌性松動[4]。相反,另一項研究報告5年后沒有無菌性松動病例,10年后只有6%的患者接受了莖干治療[8]。在我們的研究中,92%的患者使用了支架,在隨訪期間沒有患者出現(xiàn)無菌性松動。ManagementoflargebonedefectsinCharcotarthropathyisamajorconcern.Treatmentstrategiesforbonedefectsincludeautografts,allografts,metalaugmentation,andtantalumimplants[6,23].However,thebonestructureofCharcotarthropathyisveryweak,andevenifautologousorallogeneicboneisgraftedintothedefect,aboneunionisdifficulttoachieve[9,24].Therefore,inourcases,metalaugmentationwasusedtofillthebonedefect.Immediatelyaftersurgery,fullweightbearingwasallowed;however,nocasesresultedinlooseningorperiprostheticfractures.Charcot關節(jié)病大骨缺損的處理是一個主要問題。骨缺損的治療策略包括自體移植物、同種異體移植物、金屬隆胸和鉭植入物[6,23]。然而,Charcot關節(jié)病的骨結(jié)構(gòu)非常薄弱,即使將自體或異體骨移植到缺損處,也難以實現(xiàn)骨愈合[9,24]。因此,在我們的病例中,我們使用金屬隆胸來填充骨缺損。手術后立即允許完全負重;然而,沒有病例導致松動或假體周圍骨折。Thisstudyhadsomelimitations.First,itwasaretrospectivecaseserieswithalimitednumberofpatients.Thislimitedtheabilitytoperformsubgroupanalysisbasedoncausativedisease,Charcotstage,orimplanttype.Toperformsubgroupanalysis,alargernumberofpatientsisneeded.Second,alongerfollow-upperiodisdesirabletoaccuratelyevaluatetheefficacyoftheTKAprocedureinCharcotarthropathy.這項研究有一些局限性。首先,這是一個回顧性病例系列,患者數(shù)量有限。這限制了基于病因、Charcot分期或植入物類型進行亞組分析的能力。為了進行亞組分析,需要更多的患者。其次,為了準確評估TKA手術治療Charcot關節(jié)病的療效,需要更長的隨訪期。Inconclusion,ourmid-tolong-termresultsofTKAforCharcotarthropathyweregenerallyfavorable.Patientsinthisstudyachieveddefiniteimprovementinkneepain,function,andmobility,andthe5-and10-yearsurvivalratesforasepticrevisionwereexcellent.Therefore,TKAmaybeaviabletreatmentoptionforCharcotarthropathywhilethecomplicationssuchasperiprostheticinfectionandinstabilityshouldbekeptinmind.總之,TKA治療Charcot關節(jié)病的中長期結(jié)果總體上是有利的。在這項研究中,患者在膝關節(jié)疼痛、功能和活動方面得到了明確的改善,無菌翻修術的5年和10年生存率非常好。因此,TKA可能是Charcot關節(jié)病的一種可行的治療選擇,但應注意假體周圍感染和不穩(wěn)定等并發(fā)癥。2024年08月15日
135
0
0
-
曾紀洲主任醫(yī)師 北京潞河醫(yī)院 骨關節(jié)外科 生物膜相關性全膝關節(jié)置換感染:預防、診斷和治療(2024)BiofilmRelatedTotalKneeArthroplastyInfection:Prevention,DiagnosisandTreatment?Rodriguez-MerchanEC.BiofilmRelatedTotalKneeArthroplastyInfection:Prevention,DiagnosisandTreatment[J].ArchBoneJtSurg,2024,12(7):531-534.轉(zhuǎn)載文章的原鏈接1:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39070877/轉(zhuǎn)載文章的原鏈接2:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11283302/?AbstractBiofilmrelatedimplantinfectionisundoubtedlyarelevantchallengeinTKAwithourcomprehensionsteadilyprogressingandnovelmanagementapproachesbeingdeveloped.Theaimofthisarticlewastoreviewthemostimportantadvancesinapproachestocombatinfectionsduetobiofilm-formingbacteriainTKA.Themainconclusionswerethefollowing:1)FundamentalmanagementtechniquesforinfectedTKAincludeopenDAIR(debridement,antibiotics,andimplantretention),andoneandtwo-stagerevisionTKA;2)Continuouslocalantibioticperfusion(CLAP)appearstodiminishtheriskofPJI;3)RestraintofquorumsensingseemstoavertPJIafterTKA;4)ArecentinvitrostudyshowedpromisingresultsinthepreventionandmanagementofPJIafterTKAusingPMMA[poly(methylmethacrylate甲基丙烯酸甲酯)]loadedwithupto100mgofrifampin.生物膜相關的種植體感染無疑是TKA的一個相關挑戰(zhàn),我們的理解正在穩(wěn)步進步,新的管理方法正在開發(fā)中。本文的目的是回顧在TKA生物膜形成細菌感染的治療方法的最重要的進展。主要結(jié)論如下:1)感染TKA的基本管理技術包括開放式DAIR(清創(chuàng)、抗生素和植入物保留)和一期和二期翻修TKA;2)持續(xù)局部抗生素灌注(CLAP)似乎可以降低PJI的風險;3)群體感應的抑制似乎可以避免TKA后的PJI;4)最近的一項體外研究顯示,使用PMMA[聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯甲基丙烯酸甲酯)]加載多達100毫克的利福平,在TKA后PJI的預防和管理方面有希望的結(jié)果。?KeyWords:Biofilms,Diagnosis,Periprostheticjointinfection,Prevention,Totalkneearthroplasty,Treatment?IntroductionTKAisthetreatmentofchoiceforindividualswithsevereosteoarthritisofthekneeandintensepain.OveronemillionTKAsarecarriedouteveryyeargloballywithupto143%growthbyyear2050forecast.1ArecentclinicalstudyshowedthatkneePJIswereprincipallyattributedtoinfectionwithST59methicillin-resistantStaphylococcusaureus(MRSA)andrisingtrendsforinfectionwithST8andotherSTtypesofMRSAsinPJIindividualswerefoundfrom2016to2019.TheidentificationofMRSAgenotypesinPJIsmightbeusefulforthetreatmentofPJIs.2Forthepurposesofthisreview,on1January2024abibliographicsearchwasperformedonPubMedutilizingthesearchstring:[biofilmtotalkneearthroplasty],resultingin123articles,ofwhich20paperswerefinallyanalyzedbecausetheyweredirectlyrelatedtonovelstrategiestopreventandtreatbiofilm-formingbacteriaonTKAandwerepublishedin2022,2023and2024.?MainbodyCurrentDiagnosticandTreatmentMethodsRecentpublicationsonthediagnosisofPJIinTKAareshownin[Table1].3-11inacomputertomography(CT)-basedcadaverstudyitwasshownthatcementremovalofpolymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)usingultrasoundswasnearlyfull.12??Table1RecentpublicationsonthediagnosisofPJIinTKAAUTHORS[REFERENCE]?YEAR?????FINDINGSTsikopoulosetal32022??????Inthismeta-analysisnodifferencewasfoundbetweenthesonicationandchemical-basedbiofilmdislodgmentmethods.Rodriguez-Merchan42022?Thesonicationtechniqueprovedtobereliable.Itssensitivityandspecificityweregreaterthanconventionalculturesoftheperiprosthetictissue.PolyethylenelinerssonicationhasbeenpublishedtobeenoughfordiagnosisofPJIFisheretal52022?????ProteomicprofilingutilizingasmallproteinpanelwasabletomakeadistinctionbetweenPJIandnon-infectiousarthroplastyfailuresonicatesamplesandrenderedabettercomprehensionoftheimmuneresponseduringTKAfailure.Azadetal62022???????ThisstudyshowedthattheclinicalsensitivityoftheInvestigationalUseOnly(IUO)BioFireJointInfection(JI)Panelwasexcellentforon-panelbacteria.However,overallsensitivityforPJIdiagnosiswaslowduetotheabsenceofStaphylococcusepidermidis.Flurinetal72022Thisstudyanalyzedtheaccuracyofa16SrRNA(rRNA)gene-basedPCRfollowedbySangersequencingand/ortargetedmetagenomicsequencingapproach(tMGS)carriedoutonsynovialfluidforPJIdiagnosis.Itwasfoundthatthesequencing-basedmethodwasnotbetterthatculturefordiagnosisofPJI,butproducedpositiveresultsinsomeculture-negativesamples.Hongetal82023??????The16SribosomalRNA(rRNA)gene-basedtargetedmetagenomicsequencing(tNGS)methodhasshownsimilarperformancecharacteristicsthanshotgunmetagenomicsequencing(sNGS)forPJIbacteriarecognitioninsonicatefluidfromfailedTKAsinculture-negativecases.Brooksetal92023????Implantsurfaceculture(ISC)successfullyrecognizedbacterialgrowthwithhighsensitivitywhilealsodisclosingthatbiofilmgrowthwasusuallylocalizedtoparticularlocations.Dragoetal102023???Theantibiofilmpre-treatmentofsynovialfluidswithdithiotreitol(DTT)demonstratedthecapacitytoraisethesensitivityofmicrobiologicalexaminationinthesynovialfluidofindividualswithPJI.Fisheretal112023???Inapilotstudyproteomicprofilingofsonicatefluidutilizingliquidchromatography-tandemmassspectrometry(LC-MS/MS)wasabletodistinguishbetweenS.aureusPJIandnon-infectedarthroplastyfailure.?OpenDAIR(debridementantibioticimplantretention)Arecentstudyhassuggestedthatdebridementantibioticpearlsandretentionoftheimplant(DAPRI)couldbeagoodalternativetotheDAIRtechnique.13?One-stagerevisionTKA(rTKA)AccordingtoJietal(2022)one-stagerTKAusingintraarticularinfusionofantibioticscandiminishbiofilmformation.14?Two-stagerTKAIn2023Shichmanetalanalyzedthecharacteristicsof90individualswhohavehadrecurrentinfectionaftertwo-stagerTKAforPJI.Themostfrequentpathogendetectedwascoagulase-negativeStaphylococci.Persistenceofbacteriawasseenin14(22.2%)ofrecurrentPJIs.Almostonethirdoftheindividualsattainedinfectioncontrolaftertreatmentofafailedtwo-stagerTKAduetoPJI.15?StrategiestoReduceRiskofInfectionHowtodecreasetheriskofPJIbefore,duringandaftersurgeryisshownin[Table2].Inastudy,eightindividualsaccomplishedresolutionoftheinfectionusingcontinuouslocalantibioticperfusion(CLAP)andintravenousantibiotics.ThestudysuggestedthatCLAPcanbeausefulmanagementalternativeforPJIafterTKA.16??Table2FactstokeepinmindtoreducetheriskofPJIbefore,duringandafterTKA?Table2.Continued?PREOPERATIVEPHASEBodymassindex(BMI)oflessthan35OptimizationofdietGoodlevelsofhemoglobinandfructosamineStopsmokingMRSA(methicillin-resistantStaphylococcusaureus)nasalscreening?INTRAOPERATIVEPHASEAppropriateantibioticprophylaxisAdequatefluidresuscitationSkinpreparationwithbetadineandchlorhexidineIrrigationwithdilutedpovidoneiodinesolutionAdministrationoftranexamicacidUtilizationofmonofilamentbarbedtriclosan-coatedsuturesfortheclosureofsofttissues?POSTOPERATIVEPHASEEarlyPJIinfectionmustbesuspectedwhenerythrocytesedimentationrate(ESR),C-reactiveprotein(CRP),D-dimer,andinterleukin(IL)-6arenotnormal6weeksaftertheprocedure?NovelTechniquestoPreventandTreatPJIQuorumsensing(QS)canreducebacterialvirulence.Infact,inhibitionofbacterialcommunicationwithsodiumsalicylate(NaSa)水楊酸鈉hasshowntobeeffective.17Asystematicreviewandmeta-analysisstatedthatrifampin利福平seemedtoconferaprotectiveeffect.ThismanagementeffectwasparticularlypronouncedinthecontextofrTKA.18ArecentinvitrostudyshowedpromisingresultsinthepreventionandmanagementofPJIafterTKAusingPMMAloadedwithupto100mgofrifampin.19InaclinicalstudyonPJIwithcoagulase-negativeStaphylococcusaureus凝固酶陰性的金黃色葡萄球菌itwasfoundthatthesuccessratewas47%at1-yearfollow-up.OpenDAIRhadthehigherfailurerate(60%).Two-stagerTKAhada46.7%failurerate.20?ConclusionEssentialtreatmentapproachesforinfectedTKAincludeOpenDAIRandoneandtwo-stagerTKA;continuouslocalantibioticperfusion(CLAP)seemstoreducetheriskofPJI;restraintofQS(imsteadofquorumsensing)appearstoavertPJIafterTKA;arecentinvitrostudyhasshownpromisingresultsinthepreventionandtreatmentofPJIafterTKAusingPMMAloadedwithupto100mgofrifampin.感染TKA的基本治療方法包括開放式DAIR和一期和二期rTKA;持續(xù)局部抗生素灌注(CLAP)似乎可以降低PJI的風險;抑制QS(而不是群體感應)似乎可以避免TKA后的PJI;最近的一項體外研究顯示,使用含有高達100毫克利福平的PMMA在TKA后預防和治療PJI方面有希望的結(jié)果。2024年08月13日
46
0
0
相關科普號

曲彥隆醫(yī)生的科普號
曲彥隆 主任醫(yī)師
哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學附屬第一醫(yī)院
關節(jié)外科
3658粉絲2.5萬閱讀

黃鋼勇醫(yī)生的科普號
黃鋼勇 主任醫(yī)師
復旦大學附屬華山醫(yī)院
關節(jié)外科
626粉絲2.5萬閱讀

宋德臣醫(yī)生的科普號
宋德臣 副主任醫(yī)師
北京德爾康尼骨科醫(yī)院
骨科
72粉絲1萬閱讀